Our study shows that the emission wavelength (λ em)-dependent photoluminescence decay lifetime (τ em) determines the down-conversion efficiency of the nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots. The NGQDs were applied in CIGS solar cells to evaluate their downconversion efficiency. In this regard, we synthesized nitrogen-functionalized GQDs (NGQDs) with an ultrahigh QY (77–99%) and a large Δλ (95–155 nm) via tailoring of the nitrogen and oxygen moieties. Therefore, GQDs with an ultrahigh QY and large Δλ are essential to realizing the two emergent fields, i.e., the application of GQDs in CIGS photovoltaic solar cells. However, the application of GQDs in most emergent thin-film-based Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) photovoltaic cells is limited because of either low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) or a small Stokes shift (Δλ). Recently, GQDs have been used as downconverters in photovoltaic devices. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have several advantages over inorganic quantum dots owing to their beneficial properties.
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